The Kingdom Plantae is composed of four main groups of plants, each of which is evolutionarily related to the others. These four groups are bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
Bryophytes are the simplest of the four groups, and are non-vascular plants. They are typically small, and lack true roots, stems, and leaves. Mosses are the most common type of bryophyte.
Seedless vascular plants are plants that have vascular tissue, but lack seeds. Examples of seedless vascular plants include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses. These plants are usually larger than bryophytes, and have specialized structures such as true roots, stems, and leaves.
Gymnosperms are cone-bearing seed plants. They have specialized structures such as true roots, stems, and leaves, and produce seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary. Examples of gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, and ginkgoes.
Angiosperms are flowering seed plants. They have specialized structures such as true roots, stems, and leaves, and produce seeds that are enclosed in an ovary. Examples of angiosperms include grasses, shrubs, and trees.
In summary, the four main groups of plants in the Kingdom Plantae are bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Each of these groups is evolutionarily related to the others, and has its own unique characteristics.
